Model Formulation

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Primitive Equations

The governing equations consist of the following momentum, continuity, temperature, salinity, and density equations:


\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + u \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + v \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} + w \frac{\partial u}{\partial z} - fv = -\frac{1}{\rho_o} \frac{\partial P}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left(  K_{m} \frac{\partial u}{\partial z}\right) + F_u


\frac{\partial v}{\partial t} + u \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} + v \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} + w \frac{\partial v}{\partial z} +fu = -\frac{1}{\rho_o} \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left(  K_{m} \frac{\partial v}{\partial z}\right) + F_u


\frac{\partial P}{\partial z} = -\rho g


\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} +   \frac{\partial w}{\partial z}  = 0


\frac{\partial \theta}{\partial t} + u \frac{\partial \theta}{\partial x} + v \frac{\partial \theta}{\partial y} + w \frac{\partial \theta}{\partial z}  = \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left(  K_{h} \frac{\partial \theta}{\partial z}\right) + F_u


\frac{\partial s}{\partial t} + u \frac{\partial s}{\partial x} + v \frac{\partial s}{\partial y} + w \frac{\partial s}{\partial z}  = \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left(  K_{h} \frac{\partial s}{\partial z}\right) + F_u


\frac{1}{2}\rho = \rho( \theta,s)

where x,y, and z, are the east, north, and vertical axes in the Cartesian coordinate system; u,v, and w are the x, y,and z velocity components; θ is the potential temperature; s is the salinity; ρ is the density; P is the pressure; f is the Coriolis parameter; g is the gravitational acceleration; Km is the vertical eddy viscosity coefficient; and Kh is the thermal vertical eddy viscosity.

File:Coordinate system.png

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