MM5 is configured with regional and local computational domains with horizontal resolutions of 30 and 10 km, respectively. The regional domain consists of 101x69 grid points, and the local domain includes 130x103 grid points. A pressure-defined sigma-coordinate transformation is used in the vertical. A total of 31 sigma-levels were specified for both regional and local domains, and the thickness of each layer depends on the reference-state pressure, finer in the surface boundary layer than in the upper atmosphere. The thickness of the surface layer is 20 m.
MM5 is driven by the NAM. The regional and local domains were run simultaneously through "two-way interaction." Two-way interaction is a nesting method in which the input from the coarse mesh is included via boundaries, and feedback to the coarse mesh covers the entire nested interior.
The hindcast is run with a four-dimensional nudging data assimilation method. Red dots represent the locations of meteorological buoys, and the number on the dots are the names of the buoys.
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